Metabolism is a combination of biochemical processes that your body uses to convert food into energy. These metabolic processes include breathing, eating and digesting food, the delivery of nutrients to your cells through the blood, the use of energy by your muscles, nerves and cells, and finally the elimination of waste products from your body.
The Definition of Metabolism
When dieters talk about metabolism, they usually aren't talking about a long list of physical and chemical processes.
We often use the word "metabolism" to describe the rate at which our bodies burn calories. This is the rate at which your body converts food into energy (calories) and then uses the energy to perform essential and non-essential daily functions. The rate at which we burn calories or burn energy is called metabolic rate.
Your metabolic rate might change from day to day depending on your activity level, but your basal metabolic rate stays fairly steady. Your basal metabolic rate is the number of calories needed to fuel your body's essential functions, like breathing and circulating blood. Basal metabolic rate is the most significant component of your total metabolic rate.
What Is My Basal Metabolic Rate?
There are several different ways to determine your basal metabolic rate. The most accurate way to measure BMR is to have it tested in a lab. Some health clubs also do metabolic testing for a fee. But you can calculate your metabolic rate using an online calculator.
If you like to do math, you can also use the Harris-Benedict Equation to calculate your basal metabolic rate:
Men: BMR = 88.362 + (13.397 x weight in kg) + (4.799 x height in cm) - (5.677 x age in years)
Women: BMR = 447.593 + (9.247 x weight in kg) + (3.098 x height in cm) - (4.330 x age in years)
Your total metabolism or metabolic rate is a combination of your BMR and other variable metabolic processes like eating, exercise and other daily movement.
Why Is My Metabolism Slow?
Everyone's metabolic rate is different. You might wonder why other people seem to have a fast metabolism and you have a slow metabolism. There many be several reasons why. There are many different factors that affect metabolism
- Age. Metabolism slows as we age.
- Gender. Men generally have a higher metabolism than women.
- Body size. Bigger bodies burn more calories.
- Body temperature. Metabolism increases when the body is exposed to extreme temperatures.
- Caffeine or stimulant intake. Your metabolism may increase if you consume a stimulant like caffeine.
- Hormones. If thyroid hormones are not produced properly by your body, your metabolism may increase or decrease depending on the hormone level.
- Pregnancy. Women who are pregnant have a faster metabolism.
- Food intake. If you don't eat enough food, your metabolism slows.
- Body composition. Lean muscle mass burns more calories than fat even when your body is at rest.
- Activity level. When you move more during the day, either through exercise or routine daily movements (like walking or standing) your body burns more calories.
How Can I Change My Metabolism to Lose Weight?
There are some things that you can change about your metabolism and some things that you can't. For example, you can't change your age or your gender. But there are some things that you can change to boost your metabolism and lose weight. These include:
- Exercise. You burn more calories when you exercise. Even an easy workout increases your metabolism. Harder workouts, however, burn more calories.
- Daily movement. No time to exercise? Then move more during the day. Simple daily tasks like walking, climbing stairs, gardening and housework require your body to work harder and boost your metabolism.
- Build muscle. You can improve your body composition to burn more calories. Do strength training exercises to build muscle and burn more calories even when your body is resting.
- Eat the right number of calories. Eating too many calories can cause weight gain. But eating too few calories can cause your metabolism to slow down. Make sure you're eating enough calories to maintain a healthy metabolism.
Your metabolism will change slightly from day to day. But if you can learn how to manage and maintain a healthy metabolism on a regular basis, weight loss and weight maintenance will be easier.
Sources:
Medline Plus. Metabolic Disorders. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Accessed: October 31, 2015. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/metabolicdisorders.html
Medline Plus. Metabolism. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Accessed: October 31, 2015. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002257.htm
What Is Metabolic Syndrome. National Institutes of Health. Accessed: October 31, 2015. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/ms
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